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Alexandr Solzhenitzen, recipient of the 1970 Nobel Prize for Literature, was born in Kislovodsk, Russia into a family of Cossack intellectuals. His father was a tsarist artillery officer who died six months before his birth. His mother supported the family as a typist. He studied at Moscow State University and received his degree in mathematics from Rostov University. In 1945 he was arrested for criticizing Stalin in a correspondence to a friend. Consequently, he spent the next eight years in Soviet prisons and labour camps. He was later exiled from the Soviet Union and was not allowed to return until the fall of Communism.
Solzhenitzen published his first novel, ODIN DENTVANA DENISOVICHA (ONE DAY IN THE LIFE OF IVAN DENISOVICH), when he was 44. The book gained him international recognition.
CHRONOLOGY
1918 He was born in Kislovodsk, Russia. (December 11)
1939 He began correspondence courses at Moscow State University.
1940 He married Natalia Reshetovskaia.
1941 He graduated from Rostov University.; He entered the Soviet army.
1945 He was arrested for criticizing Stalin in a letter and was sent to prison.
1950 He and Natalia Reshetovskaia divorced.
1953 He was exiled from the Soviet Union for three years.
1956 He settled in Ryazan in central Russia.
1957 He married Natalia Reshetovskaia again.
1962 ODIN DENTVANA DENISOVICHA (ONE DAY IN THE LIFE OF IVAN DENISOVICH)
1963 MATRENIN DVOR (WE NEVER MAKE MISTAKES); DVA RASSKAZA; He was denied official publication of his writing.
1964 DLIA POL'ZY DELA (FOR THE GOOD OF THE CAUSE); ETTUDY I KROKHOTNYE RASSKAZY
1965 IZBRANNOE
1966 SOCHINENIIA; ZAKHAR-KALITA
1968 RAKOVYI KORPUS; V PERVOM KRUGE (THE FIST CIRCLE); RAKOVYI KORPUS I-II (CANCER WARD)
1969 OLEN' I SHALASHOVKA (THE LOVE-GIRL AND THE INNOCENT); SOBRANIE SOCHINENII; He was expelled from the Soviet Writers Union.
1970 SOLZHENITSYN: A DOCUMENTARY RECORD; He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature.
1971 SIX ETUDES BY ALEKSANDR SOLZHENITSYN; AVGUST CHETYRNADTSATOGO (THE RED WHEEL: A NARRATIVE IN DISCRETE PERIODS OF TIME); STOIRES AND PORSE POEMS BY ALEKSANDR SOLZHENITSYN
1972 A LENTEN LETTER TO PIMEN, PATRIARCH OF ALL RUSSIA; He and Natalia Reshetovskaia divorced again.
1973 SVECHA NA VETRU (CANDLE IN THE WIND); He married Dmitrievna Svetlova.
1974 LETTER TO THE SOVIET LEADERS; SOLZHENITSYN: A PICTORIAL AUTOBIOGRAPHY; AMERIKANSKIE RECHI; PRUSSKIE NOCHI (PRUSSIAN NIGHTS); He was arrested, charged with treason and exiled.
1975 FROM UNDER THE RUBBLE; THE CALF AND THE OAK; LENIN V TSIUROKHE (LENIN IN ZURICH)
1976 ARCHIPELAG GULAG, 1918-1956: OP'BIT KHUDOZHESTVENNOPO ISSLEDOVANIJA I - II (THE GULAG ARCHIPELAGO); WARNING TO THE WEST; RASSKAZY; He moved to the Cavendish, Vermont in the United States.
1978 A WORLD SPLIT APART
1980 DETENTE; THE MORTAL DANGER; EAST AND WEST
1982 TO FREE CHINA
1983 VICTORY CELEBRATIONS; PRISONERS: A TRAGEDY
1984 OCTOBER 1916
1986 MARCH 1917
1990 His Russian citizenship was restored.
1991 APRIL 1917; MALOE SOBRANIE SOCHINENII; RUSSKIE PISATELI-LAUREATY NOBELEVSKOI PREMII
1994 He returned to Russia.
1995 PO MINUTE V DEN'; EGO
1996 DVUCHASTNYE RASSKAZY; PUBLITSISTIKA V TREKH TOMAKH; KAK ZHAL' I DRUGIE RASSKAZY
1997 The Solzhenitsyn Prize for Russian writing was established.
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